• DGK is a key enzyme in glucose uptake in

  2020-03-03

  

  DGKδ is a key enzyme in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Chibalin et al. demonstrated that a decrease in DGKδ expression increases the severity of type 2 diabetes [20]. Additionally, DGKδ expression was increased in people who exhibited enhanced insulin sensitivity after exercise training [56]. Fr

• Phosphorylation of small GTPases has been also observed to a

  2020-03-03

  

  Phosphorylation of small GTPases has been also observed to affect binding affinity for the GDP/GTP cycle regulators notably GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) [10]. Indeed the EGF or cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of Cdc42 is associated with enhanced Cdc42–GDI interaction [8], [11]. RhoA inhibition by

• More recently it was discovered that BChE hydrolyzes

  2020-03-03

  

  More recently, it was discovered that BChE hydrolyzes the neuropeptide gut hormone, ghrelin [25], [26], [27], [28]. Nonetheless, because the enzyme reaction is very slow, those who first reported this finding were initially reluctant to attribute a real physiological role for that phenomenon. Our ow

• As mentioned above of various constitutive

  2020-03-03

  

  As mentioned above, of various constitutive models, the Chaboche kinematic model was widely used [3,7,[23], [24], [25], [26], [27]]. There exist many significant literature around the Chaboche/Chaboche type plasticity model calibration and its parameter determination methods. Aguis et al. [28] emplo

• br Conflict statement br Introduction Prostate cancer PCa

  2020-03-03

  

  Conflict statement Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men after lung cancer [1], [2]. The incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer are significantly higher in developed countries especially th

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2020-03-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion DDR2 played a role in cell motile behavior, but the relationship between motility and collagen activation of DDR2 tyrosine kinase was unclear. Studies with smooth muscle cells from DDR1−/− mice demonstrated a defect in cell attachment to collagen and

• br Introduction The discoidin domain receptors DDRs

  2020-03-03

  

  Introduction The discoidin domain receptors (DDRs), DDR1 and DDR2, are unique among the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in being activated by interaction with the extracellular matrix [1], [2]. Binding to triple-helical collagen is mediated by the receptor extracellular domains that include an N

• lgk974 Cysteinyl leukotrienes CysLTs are potent inflammatory

  2020-03-03

  

  Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent inflammatory mediators closely associated with cerebral ischemic injury. CysLTs induce inflammatory responses mediated by at least two different CysLT receptors (CysLT1R and CysLT2R) (Bäck et al., 2011, Singh et al., 2010). It has been reported that the Cys

• Pifithrin-μ receptor Because aspirin and ibuprofen are NSAID

  2020-03-03

  

  Because aspirin and ibuprofen are NSAIDs, both cause a variety of adverse effects, including stomach ulcers, stomach bleeding, coagulation disorders, Pifithrin-μ receptor and cerebral microbleeds [13]. Moreover, both cause liver damage [10]. Laster [14] reported a patient with pericarditis treated w

• br Membrane receptor Indirect non genomic signaling As

  2020-03-03

  

  Membrane receptor: Indirect non-genomic signaling As mentioned above, not all A-674563 responses fit the classical genomic model of steroid action. The observation of excessively fast estrogen-induced biological responses led to the development of the hypothesis that estrogen could be acting by m

• These findings further extend our knowledge of how

  2020-03-03

  

  These findings further extend our knowledge of how P4 and/or E2 can mediate anxiety and fear responses. Female rats in behavioral estrous and ovx rats administered systemic P4 and/or E2 demonstrated significantly less anxiety in the open field and/or elevated plus maze, compared to diestrous rats, a

• The cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins is highly cons

  2020-03-02

  

  The cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins is highly conserved and can interact with different cytosolic proteins. Typically this domain is associated with catenin family members, including p120 catenin, β-catenin, and α-catenin, which form a cadherin-catenin complex (Fig. 1). The catenin family

• Introduction Determining how genes function together as biol

  2020-03-02

  

  Introduction Determining how genes function together as biological systems is a defining challenge of the genomic era. While genome sequences reveal the DNA blueprint of organisms, deciphering how this blueprint leads to biological function is challenging due in large part to the complexity of prot

• During host cell interactions G intestinalis trophozoites up

  2020-03-02

  

  During host-cell interactions, G. intestinalis trophozoites up-regulate several cell-associated proteins, including high-cysteine membrane proteins (HCMPs) and variant surface proteins (VSPs) [8]. The parasite also releases around 200 proteins upon host-cell contact, including many proteases [9,10].

• br GRAIL family Gene related to anergy

  2020-03-02

  

  GRAIL family Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL, encoded by Rnf128 gene) is a transmembrane RING-type E3 ligase involved in T cell anergy and tolerance, and also regulation of jak stat inhibitor cytoskeletal organization [52]. This E3 was initially identified in CD4+ T helper ce

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