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Introduction Apoptosis signal regulating kinase ASK a
2024-10-08

Introduction Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a family member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, selectively activates the JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways in response to various types of stresses, including oxidative stress, and subsequently indu
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br Materials and methods br Results RT PCR showed
2024-10-08

Materials and methods Results RT-PCR showed that both arginase 1 and 2 were expressed in the OB of Korean roe deer (Fig. 1). Immunoblotting detected arginase 1 in the OB of roe deer (Fig. 2A, left lane) at a molecular weight of approximately 37kDa, which is the size of the enzyme in the rat O
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br Introduction O Dowd et al identified a
2024-10-08

Introduction O’Dowd et al. identified a gene very similar to angiotensin type-1 receptor in 1993 (O’Dowd et al., 1993). The specific selective ligand of this receptor called APJ receptor was determined by Tatemoto et al. in 1998 as apelin (Tatemoto et al., 1998). The high expression of apelin and
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Phenolic compounds show reciprocal relationship with colonic
2024-10-08

Phenolic compounds show reciprocal relationship with colonic microflora. Phenolic compounds are able to improve colonic health and modulate microbiota diversity with prebiotic and antimicrobial functions, while colonic bacterial enzymes catalyze deconjugation, dehydroxylation, and convert phenolic c
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Kim et al found that hydroxydopamine OHDA promoted the
2024-10-03

Kim et al. (2013) found that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) promoted the atrophy of dopaminergic neurons associated with the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), the translocation of apoptosis inductor factor (AIF) and the depletion of ATP. An increase in p-AMPK and pS6K (upstream kinase o
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br Role of AMPK in inflammation signaling
2024-10-03

Role of AMPK in inflammation signaling Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), activate Ikβ kinase (IKKβ), which phosphorylates IκBα, triggering the degradation of proteasomal IκB. This liberates active nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) to translocate i
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Similar to V the temporal neocortex of mammals
2024-10-03

Similar to V1, the temporal neocortex of mammals, including the primary auditory cortex (A1), is densely innervated by 5-HT fibers originating mainly in the dorsal raphe nucleus (Campbell et al., 1987, Harding and Paxinos, 2004, Törk, 1990), and the major fda approved of 5-HTRs are expressed throug
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Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from inflammato
2024-10-01

Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from inflammatory cells, activated platelets, erythrocytes, adipocytes and cancer AMI-1 receptor (Aoki et al., 2008, Neidlinger et al., 2006). Several reports have analysed the role of LPA and its receptors in the pathogenesis of RA. Zhao et al. reported
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br Contemporary understanding for alcoholic cardiomyopathy U
2024-10-01

Contemporary understanding for alcoholic cardiomyopathy Up-to-date, a number of theories are postulated for alcoholic cardiomyopathy including generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, neurohormonal overactivation (catecholamines and angiotensin II), apoptosis a
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br Material and methods br Results br Discussion Asparagine
2024-10-01

Material and methods Results Discussion Asparagine, arginine, leucine, methionine, and glutamine are the essential p97 for cancer cells and intensively investigated for the development of selective targeted therapeutics. Among them, asparagine depleting bacterial enzyme asparaginase is rati
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However a high triglyceride level was
2024-10-01

However, a high triglyceride level was associated with dementia in a study with subjects aged ≥65 years (Raffaitin et al., 2009). In another study, the serum triglyceride levels of three different transgenic mouse strains mimicking AD were also evaluated within the progression of the pathology. In o
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HT modulates cortical and hippocampal
2024-09-30

5-HT modulates cortical and hippocampal pyramidal cell function in a very complex manner, since most 5-HT receptor subtypes (excitatory as well as inhibitory) are expressed on pyramidal Trehalose sale as well as GABAergic interneurons that exert inhibitory control over pyramidal cells (Leiser et al
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br Conflict of interest br
2024-09-30

Conflict of interest Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Mrs. Amparo Pacheco from CMPL, PUC, for her technical and secretarial assistance. This work was supported by the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT 1150344, 1050377, 11150083), and the Direccioń
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br Regulation and pharmacology of mPGES mPGES kDa
2024-09-30

Regulation and pharmacology of mPGES-1 mPGES-1 (16 kDa, 152 amino acids) is a trimeric integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum with each monomer containing four transmembrane domains (Samuelsson et al., 2007; Sjogren et al., 2013). The three active site cavities are located at the
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br Autophagy and cell death
2024-09-30

Autophagy and cell death pathways in ischemic stroke Although very important for the effects on post-ischemic Annexin V-Cy3 Apoptosis Kit Plus synthesis injury, autophagy is not the only mechanism of action involved in cell death. Necrosis and apoptosis are two other distinct forms of cell death
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